金属基复合材料的发展趋势

本文回顾了金属基复合材料的沿革与发展,描述了颗粒增强金属基复合材料的研究概况,介绍了金属基复合材料的发展趋势及最新进展,提出了“抢占新材料的制高点,以推动我国高科技领域的持续稳定发展”的观点。     

野外环境教育基地的功能与建设策略

讨论了发展野外环境教育基地的必要性，并以天童生态实验站为例，指出野外环境教育基地含有传承和发展两方面的功能，探讨了野外建设野外环境教育基地的策略。     

固体废弃物处理数据库管理系统设计

论述了建立固体废弃处理数据库，包括固体废弃物特性数据库。处理方法数据库，处理设备运行数据库的主要内容，据此设计了数据库的管理系统，包括定义，操作运行控制及维护４项功能，采用ＶｉｓｕａｌＦｏｘＰｒｏ作为设计语言来实现了功能与系统结构，并说明了数据库的操作和应用。     

有利于环境的催化方法

载体催化剂在许多有机反应中已证明可作为对环境有利的催化剂而取代传统催化剂（一般有腐蚀性，毒性或极难分解和重整并产生大量废物）。综述了近年来固体酸催化、固体碱催化剂和其它载体催化剂的特性及液相有机化学反应中的应用成果，催化机理及发展趋势。     

生态补偿的理论基础:一个分析性框架

总结分析了生态补偿的理论基础框架和基本理论依据。认为,自然资源环境利用的不可逆性是生态补偿的自然要求和生态学基础;环境资源产权权利界定是生态补偿的法理基础和制度经济学基础;公共物品属性是生态补偿政策途径选择的公共经济学基础;外部性的内部化是生态补偿的核心问题和环境经济学基础;自然资源环境资本论是生态补偿的价值基础和确定补偿标准的理论依据。     

杭州市区蔬菜基地蔬菜重金属含量研究

通过对杭州市区主要蔬菜基地蔬菜中8种重金属含量监测分析与评价，结果表明，江干区蔬菜基地除茄果类蔬菜外，其他种类蔬菜中部分重金属指标均存在超标现象。下沙经济开发区蔬菜基地蔬菜中重金属含量均未超标。     

Strontium isotope constraints on the seasonal variation of the provenance of base cations in rain water at Kawakami, Central Japan

The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios in monthly precipitation in the forested basin at Kawakami, central Japan, varied seasonally from 0.709 to 0.711 in spring to as low as 0.7062 ± 0.0004 in autumn over nine years from 1987 to 1995. The seasonal variation can be explained in terms of the mixing of three sources of Sr: sea salt (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr 0.70917), soluble eolian minerals originating from deserts in continental Asia ( 0.711), and biogenic materials growing on soils derived from the volcanic rock substrates in the vicinity ( 0.706). It is estimated that the contribution of sea-salt Sr into the Kawakami rain Sr is relatively constant (10 ± 5%) and that more than half of the Sr is of biogenic origin throughout the year except during spring rains when 50% of the Sr is due to the dissolution of Ca-minerals from Asian dusts. The dominant contribution of eolian components to spring rains is consistent with the high concentration of ³H, which is typical of air masses from Asia.     

Maritime oil spills— Environmental lessons and experiences with special reference to low-risk coastlines

Oil spill contingency plans are available for most coastlines but the amount of useful environmental data is variable. The information should be held on a GIS base. High risk areas should be identified and the pre-existing store of environmental knowledge should be commensurately extensive and should be available in considerable spatial detail. Contingency plans still depend on basic lists of coastal types as defined by static, sediment based shoreline characteristics. There is a lack of dynamic, process information. TheBraer oil spill of 1993 provides a case study of the application of sound coastal geomorphological and ecological data to impact assessment. Monitoring of the ecological effects of this massive oil spill reinforces other research which indicates that most coastlines can recover naturally from oil spills, and that oil spill clean up techniques may not necessarily benefit rapid shoreline recovery. Although pre-existing environmental informations is important, the key decisions must be taken quickly and are frequently judgmental and, therefore, place a premium on gathering appropriate scientific expertise to the site of the spill as soon as possible and with sufficient powers to affect both the oil spill response, to initiate early surveys of damage and to facilitate the initial monitoring programme.     

吸塑模型腔的锌基合金液态模锻

以研制育苗营养钵用吸塑模具型腔为例 ,介绍锌基合金液态模锻这一新工艺。它具有快速、简易、经济等优点 ,而且工艺简单、生产效率高、成本低。它解决了吸塑模具型腔加工的复杂性与降低模具成本和缩短模具周期之间的矛盾